Edna Pontellier and Social Limitations in Kate Chopins Awakening Essay

In discussing Kate Chopins refreshing, The Awakening, critic Susan Rosowski categorizes the novel under the heading of the novel of awakening and differentiates it from the bildungsroman, the apprentice novel, in which the usually male protagonist learn the spirit of the instauration, discover its meaning and pattern, and acquire a philosophy of life and the graphics of living (Bloom 43). In the novel of awakening, the female protagonist similarly learns about the world, but for the heroine, the world is defined in terms of love and marriage, and the art of living comes with a realization that such art is difficult or impossible the price for the art is often tragic endings. Rosowski calls this female awakening an awakening to limitations (Bloom 43). Rosowskis reading of the novel emphasizes the role gender plays in shaping a male narrative versus a female narrative. If read as a suicide, then Edna Pontelliers last swim is a consequence of her awakening to the limitations of her femaleness in a male-dominant society. But on a metaphysical level, especially from the Buddhist perspective, The Awakenings final scene can be seen as Ednas ultimate gesture in trying to grasp the nub of her being.In my research, I found no material that connects Buddhism with The Awakening. There are, however, some things written about the book based on Christian theology. The criticism is that Kate Chopins novel glorifies extramarital sexual relationships, relegates humans to the level of amoral animals, and generally denies the supreme importance of Christian doctrines role in ones life. While I shook my head at the idea that religion can be taken so seriously that literature is seen only under the narrow light that a god casts ... ..., and maiden reincarnation. It is as if Edna is retracing her reincarnations to go back to the empty space from which her first attachments came and created her self. And thus we come to the end of Ednas spiritual journey. Works Cited Bercholz, Samuel, and Shearb Chdzin Kohn, eds. Entering the Stream An Introduction to the Buddha and His Teachings. capital of Massachusetts Shambhala Publications, Inc., 1993.Bloom, Harold, ed. Kate Chopin. Modern Critical Views. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.Chopin, Kate. The Awakening and Selected Stories. New York Penguin Books, 1986.Nature. The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1993 ed.Saddhatissa, Hammalawa. Buddhist Ethics The Path to Nirvana. London Wisdom Publications, 1987.Schuhmacher, Stephan, et al., eds. The Encyclopedia of eastern Philosophy and Religion. Boston Shambhala Publications, Inc., 1989.

Creationism Vs Evolution: Through The Eyes Of Jay Gould :: essays research papers

Creationism vs Evolution Through The Eyes of Jay Gould     It has been over 100 years since English naturalist Charles Darwin firsttold the innovation his revolutionary concept about how livings things develop.Evolution through natural selection and adaptation was the basis of his argumentas it remains to this day a argued typesetters case by many. Across this nation, a"return" to "traditional" values has also brought the return of age old debatedtopics. One issue that truly separates Americans is the issue of installationversus evolution. Since the 19th century, this divisive topic has been debatedin school boards and state capitols across America. In many instances religiousfundamentalists won the day by having banned the schooling or even the mentionof "ungodly" evolutionary thinking in schools. With todays social and politicalclimate, this question is back with greater core than ever. This is why thissubject is more important now than ever. In Jay Goulds book The Pandas Thumb,an overview of and an argument for Charles Darwins evolutionary thinking isconducted with move thoughts and ideas. This essay titled "Natural Selectionand the Human mindset Darwin vs. Wallace" takes a look directly at two hardfought battles between evolutionists and creationists. Using informal selectionand the origins of forgiving intellect as his proponents, Gould argues his opinionin the favor of evolutionary thought.     In this essay titled "Natural Selection and The Human Brain Darwin vs.Wallace," Gould tells about the contest between Darwin and another prominentscientist named Alfred Wallace over two important subjects. These topics, onebeing sexual selection and the other about the origins of the human brain andintellect were debated by men who generally held the same views on evolution.However on these two subjects, Wallace chose to differ as he described it as his"special heresy&quo t (53). The first of these two areas of debate between the twomen was the question of "sexual selection." Darwin theorized that there laidtwo types of sexual selection. stolon a competition between males for access tofemales and second the choice "exercised by females themselves" (51). In this,Darwin attributed racial differences among modern human beings to sexualselection "based upon contrasting criteria of beauty that arose among variouspeoples" (51). Wallace, however, disputed the suggestion of female choice. Hebelieved that animals were highly evolved and beautiful works of art, notallowing the suggestion of male competition to enter his mind. The debate ofsexual selection was but a mere precursor to a much more famous and importantquestion . . . the question of the origins of the human mind.

The Behavior of Cult Leaders and Members Explained by using Psychologic

This essay leave behind examine and describe the behavior of cult leaders and cult members by using and applying psychological principles. I will specifically highlight the behavior of Jim Jones and his followers and explain what factors that cause them to believe wholeheartedly in the doctrine of Jim Jones. I will also explain what psychological manoeuvre were used to influence his believers to be participants in mass suicide and the psychological factors that contributed to the belief that this was their only option. What is a cult? According to (Pratkanis & Aronson, 2001,p.307) the term cult is used to described to describe a pattern of hearty relations within a group and that cults can be centered on a wind of issues, including race, politics, therapy, self-help as well as spirituality and religion. Another distinctive feature of cults or new religious moments are that they have distinctive religious rituals and beliefs link up to its god or a person, they also practice i solation from the surrounding culture and have a charismatic leader (Myers, 2011, p.197). Cults are by no means new phenomena they have been around since before the beginning of written history. Some of the earliest cults were recorded by the ancient Mesopotamian, Greek and Egyptian civilizations. thither were also early Christian cults, such as the Essenes and the Gnostics. There are also the examples of modern cults, such as The Children of God, Heavens Gate and the single out Davidians. In addition to cults, there are also modern new age organizations and movements. These groups tread a fine line between being an true religious organization and have some of the same characteristics of being a cult. In these types of organizations it is often di... ...al psychological principals for his own purposes. I firmly believe that in the very end Jones used the power of informational social influence to gain obedience and conformity. This was the decisive factor that caused his followers to drink the cyanide laced Kool- auxiliary and commit what Jones called a revolutionary suicide. Works CitedThe Ford Foundation. (96-10). PBS,The American Experience . Jonestown the Life and Death of Peoples Temple. Retrieved 4/6/2012, from http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/jonestown-california/.Myers, D. G. (2002). Exploring psychology (5th ed.). New York, NY WorthMyers, D. G. (2012). Exploring social psychology (6th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill.Pratkanis, A. (2002). Age of propaganda the everyday use and abuse of persuasion. New York W.H. Freeman.

Essay --

Money messt buy happiness. Or can it? In the modern society that we live in nowadays, the theory of consumerism and a persons happiness, or quality of life, are inseparable, especi entirelyy in Canada. So much that consumerism seems to be dominating every aspect of our Canadian lifestyle, even the aspects that werent by the slightest amount affected by the behavior of consumers ten geezerhood ago. Consumerism is a theory that greatly contributes to the enriched quality of life that Canadians enjoy. This economic theory allows for consumer behavior to be central to economic decision-making, higher employment rates to be established, and to initiate a significant increase in globalization.Consumerism is defined as linking prosperity to consumer demand and making consumer behavior central to economic decision-making. This means that we, as consumers, pay the ability to influence the quality of life, citizenship, and identity of ourselves and the people around us. Based on our values and beliefs about our identity, health and safety, employment, the environment, and product marketing, we can have our say about a certain product by influencing the demand of it. This can be accomplished by deciding whether or not we exigency to purchase that product. However, the degree of influence can by greatly augmented by use of boycotts, when a group of consumers choose not to buy or use a product or service to bring about change. We can use this strategy to substantially draw the attention of the targeted company and charge them to consider the demand of us consumers and change their actions accordingly. For example, in the year of 2007, the Animal Rights Group initiated a boycott towards several cosmetic companies to stop the testing of cosmetics on animals... ...e goods that are shipped out of our ports to countries all around the world. The interrelation of consumerism and globalization helps to create a global bond that most Canadians would be distressed to live with out. Consumerism has prove to be central to todays society and economy. Its promotion of consumers interests allows us, as consumers, to manipulate different aspects of the worlds businesses and markets. The chain effect of consumerism is a double factor in maintaining Canadas employment rate, and increasing each persons financial status. Globalization and its connection with consumerism works to bond people of all different origins, and spread the worlds markets. Consumerism proves to be a major component of todays society, enhancing quality of life for Canadians. It could even be model of as a culture that we all live upon, that links us together.

Life :: essays research papers

A boy comes of age in an Italian-American neighborhood in the Bronx. His sky pilot gives him a piece of advice "Nothing is more tragic than a wasted talent." A street-corner gangster gives him another piece of advice "Nobody unfeignedly cares." These pieces of advice seem contradictory, moreover the boy finds that they make a nice fit. The kid, whose name is Calogero but who is called C, idolizes lad. He likes the way watchwordny exercises a quiet authority, and talks with his hands, and dresses well. When C is 17, he goes to cream for Sonny, against his fathers wishes. And in the year when most of the film is set, he learns lessons that he will use all of his life. "A Bronx Tale" was written for the stage by Palminteri, who plays Sonny with a calm grace in the film, but was Calogero in real life. There have been a lot of moving pictures about neighborhood Mafiosos (Martin Scorseses "Goodfellas" was the best), but this movie isnt like the othe rs. It doesnt tell some dumb story about how the bus driver and the mobster have to shoot each other, or about how C is the hostage in a tug of war. Its about two men with some experience of life, who love this kid and want to help him out. Lorenzo, the bus driver, gives sullen advice "You want to see a real hero? Look at a guy who gets up in the morning and goes off to work and supports his family. Thats heroism." notwithstanding Sonny gives sound advice, too. One of the things he tells C is that you cannot live your life on the basis of what other people think you should do, because when the chips are down, nobody really cares. Youre giving them a power they dont really have. That sounds like deep thinking for a guy who hangs on the corner and runs a numbers racket, but Sonny, as played by Palminteri, is a complex, lonely character, who might have been a priest or a philosopher had not life called him to the vocation of neighborhood boss. Nine year-old Calogero (Francis Capra) is the streetwise son of Lorenzo Anello (Robert De Niro), a bus driver who takes pride in his work ethic and expects to instill the same values in his son. Calagero, however, is in awe of the local mob boss, Sonny (Chazz Palminteri), and when Calogero keeps his mouth shut after witnessing Sonny do a hit, the boy is taken under Sonnys wing and shown the ship canal of the wiseguys.

Vonnegut social commentary in cats cradle Essays -- essays research pa

Social Commentary in Vonneguts Cats CradleKurt Vonneguts science fiction novel, Cats Cradle, is chocked full of social commentary, satirical humor, and an overall pessimistic view on American Society. Through the fictional religion Bokononism Vonnegut introduces us to John, a young spell who is writing a book about the day the nuclear bomb was dropped. His research led him to the late Dr. Felix Hoenikker, a brilliant scientist who was deemed the father of the atomic bomb. anxious(p) to learn more about Hoenikker from his surviving children, John followed them to the impecunious island of San Lorenzo. In San Lorenzo John was introduced to Bokononism, the dominant (yet illegal) religion of the island which among its many bizarre features, openly proclaimed that it was a total lie. While on the island, John also learned more about Ice Nine, the final project that Hoenikker created. Ice Nine ( a artless rearrangement of water molecules) had the qualification to freeze instantly any body of water, due to a complex crystalline formation. Although the ice was to be Hoenikkers great bribe to the military to freeze swamps during battle, so they could move troops more efficiently it ended up being a creation more fatal than the atomic bomb itself. Subsequently Johns adventures came to a harsh, if strangely appropriate end caused by the selfishness of human nature. The moral of the story, laced with deception, ignorance, self-indulgence, and control is that life is entirely worthless and fails to act a purpose. Yet, the comic relief and vivacity of the novel gives it power and charm, curiously contrasted with its depressing meaning.In the beginning of the novel, the reader is introduced to the deceased Felix Hoenikker, a man who was full of oddity and had an uncanny regard for everything scientific. Not only was he the father of the atomic bomb, but shortly before his death he created the destructive Ice Nine. With the ability to freeze anything liquid it was esse ntially the end of the world, should it get into the wrong hands. Although the original intention of the water derived destructor was to help soldiers solidify swampy muck when fighting wars, so they could easily get through was... ...uous activities he took part in at Jacks Hobby Shop. Throughout the book, Frank is described as a quiet loner, someone who was out of the social realms of normal teenage life. Frank said ...but they didnt know what really went on there. They would have been really surprised, especially the girls-- in theyd found out what really went on. The girls didnt think I knew anything about girls. (201, Vonnegut). When John asked him what he really was doing there, Frank simply said, I was screwing Jacks wife all day. (Vonnegut, 201). This was Vonneguts way of using satire and irony to show that people make skewed judgments on others based on nothing more than what they want to believe.In conclusion, Cats Cradle is a fabulously constructed book, filled with sarc asm, wit, irony, and satire to express Vonneguts personal views on Human Society. Although it ends with the destruction of the world from the lethal Ice Nine, the book is somewhat redeemed by its humorous anecdotes, and clever allusions. Vonnegut successfully portrayed his pessimistic views of our society, and opened the reader up to a completely new way of thinking in terms of human nature.

Counselling and the Law Essay

The law would seem to affect the counsellor predominantly all over issues of confidentiality which cause ethical dilemmas in a variety of areas. It would seem the counsellor tends to end up torn between their responsibility towards their thickenings and the law or doctors/ opposite health officials/organisations and society in general. The counsellor must weigh up invitee confidentiality against that of public pursuit and the guidelines of what is or is not in the public interest are not always clearly defined. For example, if the court decides that a counsellor must produce notes of their sessions with a client, this may not only become arguable from a confidentiality point of view but also as the counsellors notes are subjective and the law deals in facts any changes within the clients thoughts/feelings which consequent in conflicting portral of events could be mis-interpreted as sham testimony.The private unobserved nature of therapy and the importance of confidentiality b etween counsellor and client can result in concerns over whether this provides power to promote personal change or power to abuse the privilege. Evidence of bad practice in sexual abuse and allegations of false memories from clients seem to be all too common in the USA and one has to ponder to what extent in the UK, especially in the light of the youthful publicity of the alleged abuse cases of Saville.If any counsellors or those in a counselling role were involved in any way with the children he had skin senses with it begs the question were they aware of something amiss and afraid to come forward because of who he was or for fear of repurcussions within their organisation? Thus, the counsellor can be allot in a effectively vulnerable position whereby they are liable to pass information on to the employer under their contract and potentially liable to their client for breach of confidentiality.Counsellors may not only find themselves in an ethical dilemma regarding client aut onomy and client self harm or the client potentially harming others from a professional standards point of view as the law may be unclear about their legal responsibilities as well. When one thinks of the tragical case of Anna, although the counsellor did not face any legalrepercussions, the law is not clear on rules or regulations to help minimise their legal picture when making decisions as to what action to take or not take.Legislation is much more clear cut in the areas of adoption and infertility than in other areas but still there are uncertainties and conflicts of interest for the counsellor to wrestle with. The counsellor is presented with conflicting rights of the parent and their right to confidentiality on the one manus and the right of the child to know who their parents are on the other. When considering the case where a counsellor had to assess the degree of personal risk posed to the birth beget if personal information was released-it becomes clear that there are no clear guidelines for the counsellor which are laid down by law. Thus, ethical and legal dilemmas could line up between the right of the individual to records and the right of the birth parent to privacy.Similarly, the counsellor is left to weigh up the gravity of keeping information confidential in cases of AIDS and HIV whereby the client has the right to privacy but the partner has the right to be informed as they could be at risk of harm. accord to Jenkins (1996), establishing a clear relationship with the law is one of the elements which is associated with acquiring full professional positioning. That is to say, a profession such as medicine, which has a recognised status in legislation and case law, is authorised to carry out certain activities and can delegate some of the responsibility for self-discipline and the maintenance of high standards of practice.But, the legal dimensions of therapy are not recognised in the same way and thus the legal obligations and responsibili ties of the counsellor and the law remain unclear and require further exploration of the legal context in which the counsellor works. One would hope that this dilemma would be worked on indepth to help counsellors to counsel effectively and of course, to avoid the fear of existence sued as a result of imperfect knowledge of the law or inadvertent negligence.

History: the ancient world Essay

The region occupied by the ancient Aztec and Maya, now plebeianly referred to as Mesoamerica, is an area encompassing Southern and eastern Mexico, alone of Guatemala, Belize an El Salvador, western and southern Honduras and the Pacific side of central America as far as the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica. On the other hand, Egypt is located at the Northern part of Africa, along the Mediterranean ocean. Despite the distance between the geographical location of the both, history shows several(prenominal) similarities in their cultures.Ancient Mesoamerican mess and the Egyptians shared a series of cultural traits among the most striking of the two calendars of 260 and 365 days that perpetuate in a great cycle approximating fifty two years, language similarities, similar methods of social system, specific aloney the pyramids. There are also other similarities in their ways of life such as trading and farming among much others. Although the people inhibiting the Mesoamerica area we re of m any(prenominal) distinct cultures, often speaking mutually unintelligible languages, none the less, there was widespread contact over millennia through migrating, flock, subjugation and pilgrimage.The interest in Egyptian and the Mesoamerican archeology arose in the beginning of the 19th century. It was intertwined with important local and global social political developments. Below is a discussion on some of the areas of similarity in the Egyptian and the Mesoamerican cultures. Similarities in the Egyptian and the Mesoamerican pyramids There is also a similarity in the methods of construction of the pyramids by the two cultures, based on the concept of externally oriented architecture.It is believed that the Egyptian pyramids often had temples placed at the summit of the pyramids, just as ho mathematical functions had been built on top of masonry platforms. For example, in the Puuc style, the stone temple facades resembled the design of the tied twig walls of the Maya hous e. The tendency of the early stone architecture to imitate reed instrument or wood construction was also seen in the early Egypt. In Zozers pyramid abstruse at Saqqara, stone pillars were carved in the hammer of the bundles of papyrus or the palm trees that had been utilize as supports in the palaces at that time.Many of the features of the Egyptian pyramids are found in the pyramids of Mesoamerica. At Uximal the pyramid complex was enclosed by a wall as were those of Egypt. Chichen Itza was also a walled city of 30 square kilometer with 7 paved roads, or sacheob, several kilometers long connecting important sites. The paved road between Uxmal and Kabah was 18 km long. These roads or sacheob, resemble the Egyptian pyramid causeways, although their geography was different. Differences in the pyramidsDifferences in the Egyptian and the American pyramids drive home already been noted, although some of them are more apparent than real. There are the differences as a result of time a nd function. It is verbalise that the famous Egyptian pyramids were built before the year 2000, and the classic pyramids of Maya pyramids came 300 years after. However, history says that the Kushite revival of pyramids c-700 coincides with the construction of the early Olmec pyramids at La Venta. The pyramids of Egypt were conceived as tombs, playing an important part in the religion of the Egyptians.It has been admitted that the Mesoamerican pyramids were also important in their religion. However, the difference with the Mesoamerican pyramids is that never served as tombs, but were used for another reason. The famous Palenque is proving that at least some pyramids served as tombs in America, but for the important people of the society. There is no doubt that there was a difference in the precise religious function of the Egyptian and the Mesoamerican pyramids, although the exact purpose of the pyramids is contradictory.Also, there have been no claims to identify the composition an d the construction methods of the pyramids. Whereas the Americans do extensive use of small stones, cement and stucco, the Egyptians used much larger stones while sparingly using the mortar. Astronomy and the calendar In twain the Egyptian and the Mesoamerican complexes, the astronomical orientation played an important role. Both the Mesoamerican and the Egyptian civilizations had certain scientific calendars, as was crude to all the rural societies. For this reason, they paid close attention to the solar and the lunar cycles.In Mesoamerica, close attention was given to the Venus cycle, which helped shape the calendar. Unlike the classical Greeks, the Maya knew that the morning and the eve stars were the same heavenly body (Venus). The Mesoamericans calculated that an 8-year solar cycle equaled a 5-year Venus cycle. Although the Mesoamericans knew that the solar year was a little over 365 days, they also made extensive use of a 260 day cycle which had no parallel in the Egypti an calendar. The Egyptians, on the other hand, had studied all the visible constellations in developing their star clocks.A different star was chosen every ten days (the Egyptian week) as the new decan star to mark the brave hour of the night. The modern time measurement of 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night measurement had its own origin in the ancient Egypt. They had also developed a constant civil calendar of 365 days. However, the Egyptian calendar, with an early development of 4241 was far more ancient than that of Mesoamerica. Language similarity The precise history of the of the ancient languages of the people of Egypt and Mesoamerica remains a mystery even up to today, and the origin of the two cultures is also uncertain.The reason for the demise of the cultures of the people of Maya is uncertain, but the tragic bleakness of the Aztec culture is all too well known. Although there is limited evidence, a number of scholars have suspected that these two regions, although f rom different parts of the world have come into contact between themselves during the ancient times. However, it has been denied that the encounter between these two cultures was a prolonged one. Other scholars have suggested that there could be a initiative that these two cultures never came into contact at all.Despite the contradictions among the scholars, the similarities between these two cultures are major and cannot be ignored. There is an assumption that the Egyptians and the Mesoamericans shared a common language which made it possible to exchange the ideas. The reasoning behind the similarities between the two languages is that there must have been contact between people from the two regions. There are many similarities in the linguistic correspondences between the two languages, which remove the possibility of just a contact between the Egyptians and the Mesoamericans.The possibility of a spontaneous coincidence has also been ruled out, because of the existence of similar sounds and meanings in some words. Application of Mathematics Mathematics was also developed at preferably a high level in both cultures. This shows that they were able to make measurements during the construction of the pyramids, and also in other areas that could have required the application of mathematics. Today, it is fetch that the Mesoamerican arithmetic is readily adaptable to the operations of multiplication and division as well as the simpler addition and subtraction operation.The difference in the count systems of the two cultures was that the Egyptian numbering system was additive, base 10, make extensive use of fractions and did not have a symbol for zero. On the other hand, the Mesoamerican system used base 20, was positional, was the first to invent a symbol for zero but as far as history shows, it did not use fractions. There are no detailed records of the Mesoamerican written materials, due to an order that was given by the Spanish authorities to burn down all N ative American books.The Mesoamerican and the Egyptian writings were both rooted in their own separate cultures and iconography. It is not known if the first use of the melodic theme in Mesoamerica received an impulse from Africans who were already familiar with papyrus writing materials. Several plant materials were used by the Maya of Mesoamerica to make paper. The famous cantala cactus and the amatl tree from which amate is made are some of the materials that were used to write on. Materials from the tree were soaked, washed, pounded, cut into small pieces and pounded again, a process that is not so different from that of making the papyri.Farming activities Both the Egyptians and the Mesoamericans relied on agriculture for food. During the early years, the Maya of Mesoamerica started civilizing. They built small radiating canal systems in a low rainfall area of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, which is sham to have been used to irrigate crops. Irrigation was so important, as more than 85% of all the farming in Mesoamerica relied on canal irrigation. In Egypt, farming was common along river Nile. Irrigation was at first done through the over flooding water supply from the river at the farms along the river.Later on, they adopted the method of fetching water and pouring it directly to the crops, which was later on replaced with the digging of canals to redirect the water to the farms. Trade in Egypt and Mesoamerica Due to the farming activities along the river Nile, the people of Egypt engaged themselves in trading activities amongst themselves. They then upgraded to trading with the people of Mesopotamia, and later on with those from the kingdom of Kush towards the South. There are historians who believe that the Egyptian picture writing, or hieroglyphics, was developed from Sumerian cuneiform as a result of trade contracts with Mesopotamia.In Mesoamerica, long distance trade first developed in Maya. The first of these was a raise in the bulk of east w est commerce from the ancient pre classic trade routes along the Pacific coastal plain and the coast of Yucatan to the central-Maya routes through the highlands and, more important, along the rivers across the lowlands. The second development was the emergence of a new Mesoamerican power centre at Teotihuacan, which was able to re-unify the long distance trade network during the early classic period.The trade differences in the two societies could be as a result of the differences in the goods traded by the two societies. Although they all specialized in farming practices, they planted different crops, which they used as trading commodities. Conclusion There are many similarities between the Mesoamericans and the Egyptians. Although it is not clear to any historians how these similarities came to be, the possibility of a mere coincidence in the cultures has been out ruled.This essay has highlighted some of the some of the areas of similarity such as the pyramids, the calendars, far ming activities and trade, to prove a relation in the cultures of the Mesoamericans and the Egyptians. However, more question needs to be done to prove how these people from difference continents came to adopt such similar cultures. Future research should also focus on finding out whether there are other ways of life that the two cultures shared. Reference 1) Jerry H. Bentley, Herbert F. Ziegler, Traditions and Encounters, 4th edition, Boston McGraw-Hill, 2008. ISBN 978-0-07-333062-4

Jewish Sexual Ethics Essay

Sexual Ethics are integral to Judaism because they provided direct guidance on how to stand chastely and in accordance with the Torah and God. Although, over many years Jews were suffering from persecution, they are currently showing stability which groundwork be attributed to the exemplar that is outlined put one the strong ethics that they uphold. Sexual ethics provide guidance on how to behave morally, righteously and in accordance to the Torah as well as preventing promiscuity, infidelity, unrighteousness and turn onual acts which hinder the constancy of Judaism.The teachings on Adultery, homosexuality, contraception and pre-marital sex provide a framework for Jewish film through re-iterating the principle beliefs of monogamy, rearing, fidelity and the stipulation made between Moses, Abraham and God in a practical manner. sexually ethical deliver is essential as it promotes behaviour that is respectful, consensual, faithful, morally correct and righteous. Sexually eth ical conduct provides Judaism with moral framework for procreation, fidelity and the ability to maintain faith.Adultery is the most valued sexual ethical teaching in Judaism because it breaks the plight made between Abraham and Moses and defies the principle beliefs of love and fidelity. Adultery directly defies the Jewish belief of love, commitment and the sacred institution of marriage and is immoral because it perplex in jeopardy the family unit which disintegrates love between partners and inturn breaks honest and trust. In addition to this, as monotheists, Jews believe in fidelity and procreation and adultery damages and destabilises the sociable framework for Jewish conduct thus providing behaviour that is evil and unethical.The universal condemnation of adultery by Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and Liberal Jews indicates that adultery is immoral as it breaks the word of God. The united stance on adultery reflects the value of marriage and this is evident in the Torah where it states, Do not commit adultery in the cristal Commandments. This is further emphasised in the commandment, You shall not covet your neighbours wife. Furthermore, the universal condemnation of adultery by all Jewish variants reflects Jewish beliefs as t protects alliance from promiscuity, disease and deformed birth which have the potential to jeopardise the framework for Jewish conduct and so continue the tradition in stability and morality.This results in society being spiritually and ritually clean, also promote the belief of fidelity and honesty, which pass on inturn encourage Judaism to be moral and stable. Sexually ethical conduct is crucial promotes the beliefs in Gods true intentions that love was between a man and a woman. In addition to this, the morality and stability of Judaism is touch by the restriction of procreation which comes with the act of homosexuality.The importance of life and procreation is clearly evident in the Jewish stance on homosexuality as Jewi sh religion and community is against homosexuality, regarding it as sinful, whether gay or lesbian, as it destabilises the framework for Jewish conduct. Homosexuality is not the ideal state in Judaism and is a challenge to the ideal of marriage and family as it inhibits longevity and continuity of the tradition thus destabilising the religion through immoral acts. It is important to note that it is homosexual acts, not homosexual orientations that are forbidden as Judaism focuses on a persons actions rather than a persons desires.In addition to this, it defies sodomy, hence promoting the principle beliefs of fidelity and ritual cleanliness. Homosexuality defies the direct word of God to Go forth and multiply (Genesis 128), because it promotes infidelity, ritual uncleanliness and consequently jeopardising the framework for Jewish conduct. This can be reinforced as stated it Leviticus, No man is to have sexual relations with another man, God hates that. (1822). Such an act is condemne d in the strongest possible terms as it is abhorrent and is punishable by death by the Orthodox Jews.The Orthodox stance on homosexuality can be reinforced as Leviticus states, If a man lies with a man as one lies with a woman, both of them have done what is detestable. They must be put to death (2013). Furthermore, progressive and conservative jews are more likely to accept homosexuality, but those who are homosexual are discouraged from practising and expressing their inclination. The act of homosexuality may not be an ideal state in Judaism but due to modern advancements, is slowly making its way into becoming accepted.Sexually ethical conduct is essential as it allows Jews to follow a framework that has established the belief in the need for procreation. The act of spilling seed directly defies and destabilises the belief in procreation and the right to bear children with your partner. In addition to this, the act of contraception defies the mitzvah to marry, procreate and have children. The methods of contraception allowed under Jewish rectitude are those that dont damage the sperm or prevent it from getting to the intended destination, such as contraceptive pill. This is because the Tenakh states that God wanted humans to populate the earth.The unearthly view on birth control is based on the principle that it is a commandment to marry and have children and it is forbidden to waste seed. This law is based on the story of Onan (Gen 388-10) who was killed by God for practicing coitus interruptus as a means of birth control. Contraception also interferes with procreation, taught in the start-off commandment of the Torah Be fruitful and multiply. Furthermore, reformed and liberal Jews allow birth control for a large number of lawsuits, such a reason may be when the pregnancy may in anyway harm the carrier of the baby.However, Orthodox Jews are more restrictive and believe that contraception shouldnt be used for selfish reasons or to completely avoid havi ng children. Through this sexual ethical teaching, Judaism has been able to maintain a framework by which it can remain in a righteous and unwavering state. Sexually ethical conduct is fundamental to the stability and morality of Judaism as it provides guidelines to the correct way to cope marriage and the fact that it is disrespectful to defy the belief in love and marriage.In additions to this, acts that defy love are considered insolent and go against the moral framework that guides Judaism. Judaism believes in the importance of marriage in the development and completeness of the human being and that a person must take responsibility for the partner and relationships must continue. Thus, Judaism doesnt permit sexual relations between partners prior to marriage, as a sexual act itself is such a powerful force in delineate a relationship. A sexual failure can destroy a relationship despite prior declarations of love.The exactly way to ensure that there will be some degree of res ponsibility after sex through the act of marriage. In the Torah, the word used for sex means to know, which indicates that Jews believed sex involved the heart and mind as well as the body. The divine idea that a man and woman are to become one build (Gen 224), indicated sacred elements presents, the sexual act symbolising the union of those created in Gods image. Thus, all strains of Judaism view sex as permissible only within the sanctity of marriage.This view enables Judaism to remain honest and secure because of the framework that they follow. To conclude, Sexual Ethics are vital to Judaism because they provided direct guidance on how to behave morally and in accordance with the Torah and God. Sexual ethics as demonstrated and described in the Torah include Adultery, Homosexuality, Contraception and Pre-marital sex. Each of these plays a pivotal grapheme in providing a framework for the conduct that Jews must follow to ensure that the tradition may continue in stability and mo rality.

Public Health and Nutrition Essay

Final In-Class Essay Fast Food state of matterChoose one of the topics below, and brainstorm, plan and write an argumentative, thesis-driven essay of at least 600 words. You may use your copy of FFN you will have two hours. Your essay, as always, should Provide a short, separate introduction that presents the issue and then segues into an translucent thesis with several concrete reasons to back it up. Develop each reason in a body paragraph that offers textual evidence (quotes and/or retells) and your receive analysis of the issue. Provide a conclusion summarizing your main points and leaving a closing thought. Dont forget to proofread for grammar errors, as they behind require your grade down. Good luckTopic A Fast Food and Worker SafetyIn the Fast Food Nation chapter The Most stark Job, Eric Schlosser describes the gruelling, exploitive, injury-laden, low-paying jobs of meat-packing workers who handle the cattle that eventually become hamburgers. Schlosser explains howfor dif ferent reasonsthe OSHA has been unable to enforce effective safety regulations needed to protect workers. Based on this chapter, discuss why the OSHA must have stricter regulations for the meatpacking diligence. How has the OSHA been disempowered? To what extent has this federal agencys enforcement abilities been reduced, and with what consequences? How will giving OSHA more power benefit the employees and the general public? What peculiar(a) industries and jobs especially need OSHA to be given more enforcement powers? Why? Provide several (at least two or three) specific reasons to support this claim, and, of course, quote and paraphrase from FFN to develop your argument.Topic B Theres S**t in the MeatAs we have read about and discussed this semester, one major problem with thelargely unregulated fast provender industry is thatin the words of a character in the film Fast Food NationTheres s**t in the meat As Schlosser explains in FFN, this is because a potentially deadly bacter ia known as E. coli O157H7 can and does get into the beef supply that makes the millions of hamburgers which people eat at fast food restaurants. Based on Schlossers discussion of this problem (and, if youd like, the scenes we sawing machine from the film version of FFN), explain why the government must implement stricter regulations and enforcement for beef producers in order to protect peoples health. Describe why the current, unregulated system is dangerous, and how greater government regulation will increase peoples safety. Provide several specific reasons to support this claim.Topic C Fast Food and CommunitiesIn the Fast Food Nation chapter Cogs in the Great Machine, Eric Schlosser presents us with some ways in which the fast food industry changes communities for the worse. He provides examples like the town of Greeley, Colorado, as well as other places, whose communities have been irrevocably changed by the fast food industry when slaughterhouses and meatpacking plants sight up shop there. For this topic, discuss several specific ways in which the fast food industry harms communities. According to Schlosser, what specific problems does a community a lot face when its economy is partly or largely based on fast-food related jobs, as is the case in Greeley? How do these problems form because of the fast food industry? What kinds of people (what specific groupsimmigrants, young people, etc.) in communities like Greeley suffer, and how? In what ways does a town or citys quality of deportment decrease with the arrival of a slaughterhouse, meatpacking plant, or perhaps even fast-food restaurants? Why should communities fight to keep these kind of facilities out?

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry

In 2014, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Eric Betzig and William Moerner who, working separately, laid the foundation for SMLM. In essence, this method relies on the possible action to turn the fluorescence of soulfulness molecules on and off. Scientists image the same bea multiple times, allowing only a few interspersed molecules to glow distributively time.By superimposing these images, a laboured super-image bathroom be immov subject at the nanolevel. With the development of this technique, Betzig and Moerner were able to overcome Abbes diffraction fixate, allowing for the production of high contract images that, before SMLM, had not been possible.Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Ernst Abbe and entitle Rayleigh formulated what is commonly known as the diffraction limit for microscopy. Roughly speaking, this limit commonwealths that it is impossible to resolve two elements of a structure that are closer to each other than more or less half the wavel ength (?) in the lateral (x, y) plane and even further apart in the longitudinal (z) plane.Another consequence of the same diffraction limit is that it is not possible to focus a laser beam to a spot of smaller dimension than about ?/2. In the case of light ( visual) microscopy, an authorized tool for the imaging of biological structures, this means that two objects within a distance between 400/2 = 200 nm (far blue) and 700/2 = 350 nm (far red) idlernot be resolved.Although this is no real limitation for electron microscopy, in which the wavelength is orders of magnitude smaller, this method is very difficult to use on living cells. For instance, the length-scale of the E. coli cell is about 1,000 nm (1 ?m) which is larger than, but of equal magnitude, as the diffraction limit. This explains why, prior to the development of SMLM, it was difficult to image details of the internal structures of living bacteria.Perhaps this may be the reason why bacteria are considered to be primit ive organisms with little internal structure. With single-molecule localization, more precise structures of bacteria and other small-scale entities, e.g. individual viruses, can be resolved.In SMLM, the photochemical properties of fluorescent proteins are exploited to induce a weakly emissive or non-emissive dark state.From the dark state, very small populations of fluorophores are returned to an emissive state by shining a weak light pulse that activates only a fraction of the fluorophores present. These fluorophores are excited and detected by glowing until they are bleached, at which point the procedure is repeated on a new subgroup of fluorophores. In order to be identified, however, the emission profile must exhibit negligible overlap in each image.The centroid position of each identified molecule is statistically fitted, often to a Gaussian function, and with a level of precision scaling with the estimate of detected photons. By imaging and fitting single emitters to a sub -diffraction limited area over thousands of single images, enough data is generated to create a composite reconstruction of all identified emitters.Single-molecule localization is a broad category consisting of specific techniques, such as STORM, PALM, and GSDIM, that operate using the conceptually akin procedure outlined above. The main difference between these types is the exact fluorophore chemistry employ to turn the fluorescence of individual molecules on and off.The real breakthrough in single-molecule localization occurred in 2006, when Betzig and colleagues coupled fluorescent proteins to the membrane enveloping the lysosome, the cells recycling station. By activating only a fraction of the proteins at a time and superimposing the individual images, Betzig ended up with a super-resolution image of the lysosome membrane.Its resolution was far better than Abbes diffraction limit of 0.2 ?m, a barrier that previous microscopy techniques could not bypass. Since the ground-break ing discovery, SMLM has allowed organelles and single molecules to be resolved with an order of magnitude better resolution (with a localization accuracy of about 10 nm), in multiple color channels, and in 2D as well as 3D. Single-molecule microscopy allows quantification of the figure of speech of proteins within biological assemblies and characterization of protein spatial distribution, permitting the determination of protein stoichiometry and distribution in signaling labyrinthinees.For instance, for the ?2 adrenergic receptors, SMLM was used to limn that the receptors are partially organized in mini-clusters only in cardiomyocytes but not in any other cell lines, and that these oligomers are not lipid raft related but rather depend on actin cytoskeleton integrity. Most importantly, the results of this study were different from those pay offed from a similar report which used near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), demonstrating the better precision of SMLM over other techniques.An additional important aspect of SMLM is that it can be used with other imaging techniques to elucidate receptor complex structures. In one study by Nan et al. (2013), the powerful sensitivity of FRET imaging to detect receptor proximity was combined with the capability of SMLM to obtain direct visualization of receptor oligomers in studying RAF, a strategic protein involved in RAS signaling. By means of cluster analysis, Nan and colleagues were able to show how RAF exists between an inactive monomeric state in the cytosol and a multimeric condition at the cell membrane when activated.The results from single-molecule localization confirmed the importance of dimer and oligomer formation in RAF signaling, even though the precise biological role of these different multimeric states is yet to be ascertain.The better definition of biological structures in the nanometer range as a result of SMLM has had most relevance in the field of neuroscience, where the morphology of neu rons composed of dendritic spines and synapses is not suitable for confocal microscopy.For example, Dani et al. (2010) used single-molecule microscopy to image presynaptic and postsynaptic scaffolding proteins in the glomeruli of the mouse olfactory bulb to show distinct punctate patterns that were not resolved by conventional fluorescence imaging. Lastly, the high resolution of SMLM has enabled a deeper understanding of chromosome organization and genome mapping.Wang et al. (2011) determined the distribution of nucleoid-associated proteins in live E. coli cells, while Baday et al. (2012) were able to label 91 out of a total of 107 reference sites on a 180 kb human BAC gene with a 100 bp resolution. DNA mapping with such resolution offers the potential to uncover genetic variance and to facilitate medical diagnosing in genetic diseases.Nonetheless, there are a few challenges that come with single-molecule microscopy, namely errors in detection efficiency and localization uncertainty . Since using fluorescent proteins as labels involves the complications associated with protein expression, errors in this step (e.g. misfolding, incomplete maturation, etc.) can lead to the production of label molecules that are not fluorescent.This can directly affect counting studies, as the number of counted molecules can be underestimated. However, it is possible to use the obtained count (after correcting for blinking artifacts) for the counting. In one study that involved identification of protein complex stoichiometry by counting photobleaching steps, Renz et al. (2012) accounted for errors in detection efficiency using a binomial model, which was found to provide accurate results.Incorporating detection efficiency into a model for the ratio between monomers and dimers can also rectify efficiency errors. In terms of localization uncertainty, each photon from the emitter molecule provides a sample of the point spread function (PSF) from the molecule. Based on these samples, s ingle molecule localization algorithms provide an estimate for the position of the fluorescent molecule. This estimate is prone to uncertainties, especially due to limited sampling (i.e. the limited number of photons obtained from the molecule).By ensuring that the imaged molecules within a frame are spatially separated enough so that the localization algorithms can correctly identify them, however, it is possible to disparage the effect of localization uncertainty on counting measures.Despite its potential shortcomings, single-molecule localization enables high resolution imaging on the scale of nanometers, which defies Abbes diffraction limit of 0.2 ?m. SMLM has been used to elucidate specific cell structures, as in Betzigs visualization of the lysosome membrane, and receptor complexes, as in the case of RAF. The technique has also been used to refute results of similar studies that used different imaging protocols, as shown when determining the specific location of ?2 adrenergic receptors.Overall, SMLM has ushered in a new era of high resolution imaging that not only allows for accurate insight into individual cell and protein structure, but also enables identification of abnormalities in cellular processes that ultimately manifest as genetic diseases.

Becoming a Guidance Counselor

Every consortroom presents an exclusive community of check up geniusrs that varies non only in abilities, but also in so m either learning styles. In education it is my role as an educator to give kidren the tools with which to grow their own gardens of knowledge. To accomplish this goal, I will teach to the extremitys of each child so that alone learners can feel cap qualified and successful. I will present curriculum that involves the interests of the children and readys learning relevant to life, but also be cap commensurate to give focussing sure that I am able to achieve the goals of the district in a manner that learning is enjoyable.I will integrate themes, integrated units, projects, assort work, individualistic work, and hands-on learning in order to make children active learners. This caters children to charter amazing teach-able atomic number 42s. Finally, I will tie learning into the world community to armed service children become caring and active member s of monastic order. All of these beliefs will allow me to become a successful Guidance counselor. Becoming a guidance counselor allow me to have a more unitary on one relationship with students. In some(prenominal) cases you argon able to teach children in small group setting teaching ideas that children ar able to take for the rest of their lives.Having a guidance counselor that is able to advocate for the children is so important. Education has switch overd through the long time in my option it has changed for the better. In the United States many an(prenominal) children are able to att close Private, Charter, or Public schools. In the early 1840s you were not able to attend any school unless you were able to pay for the education. It was in Horace Mann in Massachusetts and Henry Barnard in Connecti sleep together where they saw a need for assuage education. They were able to show that thither was a need for quality education in order to prevent crime in the community.It was because that at the end of the 19th century all American children were able to get free education. It was not until 1918 that all enounces passed a law requiring all students to go to at to the lowest degree elementary school. Private schools were consequently created by many Catholics because they disagreed with the beliefs of the public schools. With private, catholic, and charter it all raises an issue should all education be the very(prenominal) for everyone? If it was up to me I would have to regulate no. The logic is because I believe that instructors have the unspoilt to be able to decide the way that they would like to teach.As a teacher in a school I like to be able to share lessons with my colleagues but I want them to make the lesson their own. I gauge this is the same for schools all schools should be able to have the same guidelines but be able to make it their own. In the 1990s the public schools saw a signifying value among the graduation rates. In educa tion I sound off it is so important that you are able to use each moment of the day as a teachable moment. This is not to say that everything in your day is going to be structured but you have to be able to use every moment as a teachable moment.An example of this is I had a child that every day would run through the cafeteria to get into the line to be first. afterwards several warnings the child ran into a younger child carrying soup the soup then spilled all over the student and the other student that was running. It was then that I was able to use that time as a teach-able moment. I explained to the child that if they were to slow themselves down that this may not have happen. This is not to say that the child will never run again but they may slow down before going into the cafeteria.In the school that I teach in we would say that a Windsor knight does whats right even when aught is looking. This is part of character education to teach children that they have to follow the r ules even if there is not a teacher around. A teachers personal philosophy of education is a critical element in his or her approach to guiding children along the path of enlightenment. Barbara Wilt In Idealism believes in refined wisdom. It is based on the view that reality is a world within a persons mind. As a result the teaching method is to teach on past heroes.This is something that I think was taught when I was growing up but seems to be pushed come out. realism it is based on the view that reality is what we observe. This shows children the order of society and all information is factual for the children to observe it. The one that I feel is the majority to the technique that I am is Realism. I think that I am capable to have articulated the reality of how things are and that most of the times the children are able to observe how it may be. I think that with technology today this is an easy way to provide this.A wonderful example that we did was that we were able to exper ience the winter Olympics as a whole school watching what was happening while it was happening. I think that this is also a great example of how in some shipway Montessori also runs. Montessori was a philosopher that I wish so many teachers where more like. She was someone that was able to observe the children by big pictureted them an activity in the surroundings and then allowing them to have the freedom to explore it. I think that many teachers do give them the activity except then are not giving them the freedom to explore.As a child that attended Montessori school I can say that many of my most memorable moments in my education were at that school. It is not only something that I can remember but have taken into my everyday life. It has brought wonderful insight on me as a teacher today. When you think of a teacher you think about the story book character that may be at chalk board. That is not the case. As a teacher you are not only a teacher, mom, staff member, friend, jan itor, shoe tier, the list goes on forever. What you are is someone that has to wear many hats all in one day of work.In education you are not able to undecomposed have that 9-5 transaction. You are always thinking about making sure your lesson are finished, or did you get enough snack for all the kids in the class. You are always thinking about how the children may come in the next day did they quiescence well for the test, are they eating well, and when was the last time they had a bath. This is all something that colleges do not tell you about. Just because your contract may say 8-3 that is not what you work. Your hours go above and beyond that.Many times during the holidays we as teachers have heard that a family does not have a holiday meal so we all get together and take it to them. This is something that as teachers we feel that it is important for every child to have a wonderful holiday. You have to be willing to change your hat whenever it needs to be changed. While worki ng in the school I have learned more then I think any schooling could have ever taught me. I think that Curriculum for every school is important but the most important is how it is taught.Ideal curriculum was brought that there is an grand child in every child. In this curriculum it wanted children to be able to build self- confidence allowing him/her to set goals and be able to achieve them. Allowing them to be part of an environment that teaches confidence, and endurance success. In this ideal curriculum learning is fun. The teacher is able to make the environment fun but it is up to the students to make the activity fun. I think that this is so important. Many times teachers get caught up with the curriculum and forget that learning is fun.I think that when teachers remember that they have to be there just as long as the students that making them enjoy what is going on in the classroom not only is a positive degree for the student but for the teacher as well. One way to do this is through Character Education. In the school that I teach in we do Character Education every day. In the sunrise we have a pledge that is said every day and a character word of the calendar month is added to that pledge. At the end of the pledge we say A Windsor knight knows whats right even when know body is looking.We are able to then follow this rule whenever someone may not be following it. On each Day 2 in the cycle a class then takes that character word of the month and comes up with a play or a skit for the school to see. This makes learning fun the children not only learn what the character word means but then it also gives them a learning experience. Many teachers may do role plays, or act out a book, make a movie, all done by the children with teacher assistance. In the teaching field you have to be able to change be able to teach on a variety of different stages.Instructional methods are used by teachers to create learning environments and to specify the nature of the activity in which the teacher and learner will be involved during the lesson. While particular methods are often connected with certain strategies, some methods may be put in within a variety of strategies. It is the role of the teacher then to make sure you are using the right teaching method for the classroom. I am a believer that you method may change year to year depending on your class. As a teacher you are going to have to be aware of whether you method is working or not.In education the only way that you are able to see if what you have taught is sinking into these little brains is using discernments. As a teacher that is doing them daily before the end of school right now I would state I strongly dislike them. In the abstract of things they really are the only true way to determine how your students are doing. This is a tool that you are able to provide the teachers to not only jump how they are teaching but how the students are doing. This is not to say that it should b e used to evaluate any teacher but it should be looked at if a whole class assessment is low.These assessments are really used to be able to provide the right intervention for students. It is always an accomplishment in AIS reading material when you have a student who comes in below frame level and with this intervention they then leave at the end of the year above grade level. This is not only an accomplishment for the child but the teachers as well. On the flip side I understand that education is now filled with tests and these children are always taking test and we are expected to know more now than ever. I dont think this all bad. I think that if are able to use these as an assessment tool for the children.In doing this it allows the children to receive AIS services, Special education services, and enrichment, all from an assessment. In New York State we have state test which allow the students to receive AIS intervention programs if they score a low number on the test. It is a great way to see if these children need a little extra help. In schools today it is a teacher job to explain the rules and roles of everyone in the school. In many schools today we try enforce that just like teachers, aids, nurses, bus drivers, that they as kids also have a job and that theres may be the most important one of all.Their job is to learn. School is supposed to be a learning environment and sometimes familys think of it more as a daycare. With this in mind the prospects then pass on to the children. It is our job as educators to let the children know the correct way to act as a student. It is important that children take school seriously. It saddens me to hear in elementary school that a child did not come to school because they did not feel like getting up in the morning and the parent had to work third shift and was not there to wake them.This is part of society but we have to make sure that the children in the society realize that a good education is the outdo gi ft that society is able to give them. As an educator in an elementary school I come across many cases that the child may have several strikes against them. One example of this is a teach student that I have right now. There are 5 children in the family the parents work different shifts they have been kicked out of the house due to not paying their rent and now are living in a camper in the back of the naan house.Four of the children come to school and the baby stays home with whoever is home so they do not have to pay child care. The middle brother has a hard time in school. He is always feeling like nobody likes him and cares for him so he acts out in class. I have sat down with him and talked to him several times and he has told me that the only one that cares for him is his other grandmother and he is not allowed to see her unless he is good. We have many cases just like these in our school and every case is different. In the classroom many times the children act out for attent ion.They do not care whether it is negative or positive attention they just want that one on one interaction. Many times due to outside circumstances the children become below level grade level in the school work. In these cases intervention is something that would have to take place. After an evaluation you would be able to determine how much intervention the child may need. In this case this child receives AIS math and breeding because he many times is out of the classroom because he is in the time-out room due to an outburst in the classroom.He is also provided with a mentor that makes up a schedule with the child. I am actually his mentor and we meet twice a week. During this time we have a nice dejeuner in my classroom and then do something fun go outside, play a game, watch some of a movie, or sometimes have particular desert. This is something that is one on one with the child in a non-negative situation. I also talk to him during this time about what is happening at home and things that he could do to improve his school work. Many times during the year he will come to me for help get a project done that he knows he may not receive the help at home.He also receives intervention from the social workers that come to the building they are able to do an assessment to tell whether he may need to be assessed further from an outside facility. All of these interventions are things that schools have to do to help these at risk students. I think that with the world as it is today children are dealing with things that they should not have to deal with at such an early age. We as educators have to be there to pick up many of the pieces. Times have changed and we are the ones that have to shape these children into whom they are and who they are going to be.In New York State the thought is that The sooner problems are identified and intervention services begin, the sooner the children are on their way to academic success. (NYSUT). It is so true once you are able to identify the problem then you are able to get the services that the child may need. In order to be able to identify you need to really understand that child, which sometimes takes time. In many jobs there may be a right way to do things and a wrong way but education is different. Teaching is something that not every person is cut out for. You really have to dig deep to see if you are cut out to be a teacher.I know that I am, I have worked in the school for 4 years and I could not have asked for a better job. It is a hard job and I work more the just what I am suppose to but that is because I want the best for the children in the school. I love to see their faces when they come in the morning smiling or if you have a sad face it is my job to project what is wrong and try to make it right to have a better day. We are not just the teacher during the day we are the nurse, janitor, mother, father, therapist, shoe tier, and many more all these hats are done throughout the day.This is all while you are also teaching a lesson and making sure that 21 students are learning, safe, and attentive. There is no other job like this. There is also no other job as rewarding as being a teacher and watching you kindergarten class leave your room and then 12 years down the road watch the same children graduate and moving onto to college. I will leave you with a Chinese proverb Teachers open the door. You enter by yourself. This is what education is all about.Bibliography Gurian, M. (1996). The Wonders of Boys. New York New York Penguin. Graesser, A. 2009). diary of Educational Psychology. Journal of Educational Psychology . NYSUT. (2010, June 14). Retrieved 2010, from New York State NYSUT http//nysut. org/ais/index. html Richard Ogusthorpe. (2009). On the Possible Forms a Relationship Might Take between the Moral Character of a Teacher and the Moral Development of a Student. Teachers College Record, 111(1), 1-26. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from Research Library database. W ebb, L. D. , Metha, A. & Jordan K. F. (2010). Foundations of American Education (6th ed. ). Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education Inc

Direct iron ore smelting process development

IntroductionThe smelting ebb ( SR ) of Fe ore is an alternate natural stuffs treating mode convertible to the blast furnace. It begins with solid natural stuffs such as coal and Fe ore. The concluding swap of this summons is a liquid Fe based stuff known as fiery metal, or hog Fe when it is solidified. This terminal merchandise is the same as that generated by blast furnaces. Typical hot metal composings are about 4-4.5 % C, .3-1.5 % Si, .25-2.2 % manganese, .03-.08 % S, and.04-.2 % phosphoric. SR is the new age alternate to pig Fe output signal with the capableness of uninterrupted operation. The engineerings utilize in this appendage are similar to those used in both modern blast furnaces and conventional non-ferrous smelting operations. As developments in blast furnaces and non-ferrous smelters were made, such as the innovation of the Cu flash smelting engineering, developments were made in SR of Fe.Smelting Reduction Chemical replysThe natural stuffs used in SR are pul verized Fe ore which consist of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 with remainders, powdered coal, limestone ( CaCO3 ) , and dolomitic limestone ( CaMg ( CO3 ) 2 ) . The transition of Fe ore into a liquid hot metal begins with the combustion of coal into C monoxide ( CO ) and H gas ( H2 ) which are the cardinal compounds for Fe decrease, equivalence 1. The C monoxide and H gas produced from the burning is used to get coldcock the decrease of Fe ore by equation 2. The chemical reaction for regenerating the CO and H2 with coal from equation 2 merchandises is given by equation 3. Full decrease of the Fe ore is so shown by equations 4 and 5.Coal + ?O2 CO + H2 ( 1 )6Fe2O3 + CO +H2 4Fe3O4 + H2O + CO2 ( 2 )2C + CO2 + H2O 3CO +H2 ( 3 )2 Fe3O4 + CO + H2 6FeO + H2O + CO2 ( 4 )2FeO + CO + H2 Fe + H2O + CO2 ( 5 )These reactions begin in the solid land nevertheless, as decrease series begins the reactions become liquid province. The limestone and dolomitic limestone are added as fluxes/slag agents. The ad aptability of umteen of these procedures to utilize a assortment of coal chemical sciences without the coking round is the most alone belongings of SR fuel over blast furnace fuel. This usage of coal rather of coke eliminates the demand for a coking furnace all bit good as the usage of lower pattern coal.Smelting Decrease FirstsArchaeological finds in Africa show a crude smelting decrease signifier dating back every bit early as 2500BC. These ancient craftsmen would cut down Fe ore utilizing coke by blowing demeanor into a shaft furnace. Martin Wiberg of Sweden every bit good as W. and E. Engell of Denmark began look intoing the smelting decrease procedure in 1938. However, much of the impulse in smelting decrease was lost between the 1950 s and 70 s referable to progresss in the solid province decrease procedure known as DRI ( direct reduced Fe ) and in blast furnace engineering. It is of import to observe that without the air separation engineering conceived during the Seco nd World contend SR would non be executable. By 1981 the first SR buffer store works was constructed in Germany based dour the COREX design construct. In 1988 the first all-out SR installation was constructed based cancelled the same pilot works at the site of a old blast furnace.Smelting Reduction Reactor TypesThree chief SR convertor types exist the shaft convertor procedure, a both phase chemical procedure, and the intercrossed procedure. both(prenominal) the shaft convertor procedure and the two phase procedure usage chemical life force for the decrease. However, the two phase procedure differs from the shaft procedure by implementing two transition Chamberss, a solid province chamber followed by a liquid province chamber. The intercrossed procedure is the most alone because it gets energy parts from chemical reactions and electrical current. Of these three types merely two procedures have been put into operation in all-out installations, the COREX procedure and the HIsm elt procedure.The COREX procedure was the first all-out SR installation as antecedently mentioned. This procedure is a two phase procedure. The first phase in decrease is the solid province reaction and natural stuffs preheating subdivision. Off gas from the 2nd phase is used to cut down and preheat in the first phase. As the ore transforms into a liquid it moves to the 2nd convertor phase where the liquid province decrease is completed.The COREX procedure has three theoretical accounts, the C-1000, 2000, and 3000. Primary differences between the theoretical accounts are the production capablenesss. The C-1000 installed in 1988 has a solar day-to-day production capableness of 1000 dozenss of hot metal. The C-2000 will bring forth 2000 tons/day it presently has 4 operating workss with the first installed in S. Korea, 1995. 2 The C-3000 is the newest installation with one works turn up in China. The SR furnace was installed in 2007 and has a day-to-day production capableness of 4 000 dozenss of hot metal 7 . Figure 2 is an image of the C-3000 works.The HIsmelt was the 2nd SR procedure to go rise production. Pilot proving of this procedure began in 1982. The procedure is a uninterrupted shaft transition furnace. 2 HIsmelt implements many engineerings presently used in non-ferrous smelting like uninterrupted stuffs feed by spears into the liquefied bath and H2O cooled furnace panels. 5 The full graduated table works which was built in 2003 was a 400 million dollar pioneer between RioTinto, Nucor, Mitsubishi, and Shougang coprorations. The works is located in Western Australia. 9 This procedure can utilize the off gas for multiple applications such as fuel for electrical power coevals or preheating the alimentation stuff. A elaborate position of the reactor vas.Additional SR procedure which are non presently commercialize include direct Fe ore smelting ( DIOS, two phase reactor ) , AISI ( two phase reactor ) , and IDI ( intercrossed SR ) . Although SR procedures do non implement coke furnaces the coal demands remain similar holding subatomic consequence on environmental emanations.DecisionSR is an progressing engineering capable of continuously bring forthing hot metal similar to a blast furnace with a wider scope of coal type. This natural stuffs flexibleness is a great favor to SR. The riddance of the coking furnace lessenings project capital although, it has small impact on environmental emanations. SR has many great properties which makes it a competitory option to blare furnaces.Mentions 1 LIFE. ( n.d. ) . Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao Visits Australia. Retrieved declination 06, 2009, from hypertext get rid of communications protocol //www.life.com/image/57232194 2 Chatterjee, A. ( 1994 ) . Beyond the Blast Furnace. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. 3 Miller, T. W. , Jimenez, J. , Sharan, A. , & A Goldstein, D. A. ( 1998 ) . Steelmaking and Refining, Oxygen Steelmaking Processes. In R. J. Fruehan, & A 11 ( Ed. ) , The Maki ng, Shaping and Treating of Steel ( pp. 489-490 ) . Pittsburgh The AISI Steel Foundation. 4 Davis, M. P. , Dry, R. J. , & A Schwarz, M. P. ( 2003 ) . Flow Simulation of the HISMELT Process. triad International Conferance on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries ( pp. 305-311 ) . Melbourn, Australia CSIRO. 5 HIsmelt. ( n.d. ) . HIsmelt- The Technology. Retrieved December 06, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol //www.hismelt.com/EN/HT_PageView.aspx? pageID=8 6 Shalimov, A. G. ( 200 ) . The COREX Process for Making High-Quality Steels at Mini-Mills. Metallurgist, 44, 35-39. 7 Environment Engineering Solution. ( n.d. ) . Environment-friendly Corex procedure of Fe and steel devising. Retrieved December 06, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol //environmentengineering.blogspot.com /2008/02/environment-friendly-corex-process-of.html 8 Siemens. ( n.d. ) . Siemens AG Pictures. Retrieved December 06, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol //w1.siemens.com/press/en/presspict ure/ ? press=/en/presspicture/2008/corporate_communication/media_summit_2008/soaxx200803-08.htm 9 Outotec. ( n.d. ) . HIsmelt undertaking in Western Australia. Retrieved December 06, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol //www.outotec.com/pages/Page____7775.aspx? epslanguage=EN 10 Changqing, H. , Xiaowei, H. , Zhihong, L. , & A Chunxia, Z. ( 2009 ) . Comparison of CO2 Emission Between COREX and Blast Furnace Iron-Making System. daybook of Environmental Sciences, Supplement, 116-120.

How Do Critical Perspectives On Crime Differ From Traditional Essay

Critical perspectives on abuse differ from other perspectives in that they focus on ship canal people and institutions respond to crime and criminals. Critical perspectives ar often called social reaction theories. The different theories cover under critical perspectives include Labeling theory, Conflict and radical theory and feminist theory. Labeling theory states that deviance is non the act itself that a person commits a deviant label will lead us to be overmuch deviant. Labeling theory is one of the most(prenominal) significant perspectives in the study of criminology. Amongst these theories is the labeling theory which is one of the most significant theories studied. Labeling theory adopts a relativists definition, by assuming that nothing about a inclined behavior automatically makes it deviant. While traditional theories accept the accuracy of official labeling such as the overtake and prosecution, Labeling theory challenges the view and says some peoples behavior is more wish wellly to be designate deviant than others.Conflict and Radical theories take up where labeling theory haves off. They argue that law is only controlled by the powerful and that they are often preserved by the dominant, unlike traditional theories that promote the law and direction the positive aspects of it. One area inspired by feminist work is often called sex-ratio it is the study of feminine rates is so much lower than males rates in violent crimes. at bottom the feminist theories we have victimization, differences in crimes, Gender Differences, Masculinity. A great deal of focus is spotlighted on masculinity of crimes. Researchers argue that in order to reduce crime men must be socialized more and male dominance must be illuminated.It was noted in Chapter 3 that we already do a good job of raising our girls not to be criminals, however how can we implement this into the masculine face of things. Masculinity and crime is the significant focus of the work of ge nder-ratio issues. The problem according to sociologists is that crime is essentially a male issue and we expect to figure out how we get to it beingness much less of an issue. virtually crimes against women are either produced as a crime against a weaker person or a crime be suit of clothes the criminal is the dominant one. It seems to be a double edge sword.Power- tick off theory explains the level of female guilt by examining the gender process of families. It highlights the roles played by women and men in perspective to their class. Power Control theory looks at two primary sections, the first is Patriarchal home plates in which only the father industrial plant outdoor(a) the home and the draw is left at home to care for the children. In this type of household boys learn the masculine roles and girls learn the feministic roles.The other is egalitarian, in which both the matriarch and patriarch works outside the home, thence the guidance is not there to justify roles wh ich tends to lead to delinquency in both gender children. Although most tests of Power control theory produce mixed results. Feministic theories show us just how nonequivalent women are portrayed in law and society. The main issue with control theory is a mothers occupational place vs. a fathers occupational place in the family. It focuses on the balance of power and control and how this affects the childs preferences for risk taking.Criminal law divides murder and non-negligent manslaughter into quadruple subgroups first degree murder, second degree murder, voluntary manslaughter and involuntary manslaughter. Some of the patterns described in our make include geographic patterns in which is chronicled with data statistics. It focuses on the different regions and shows the highest statistics in the South, with the Northeast and Midwest being low to mid. According to data the highest weapon used in homicides are handguns at 68 % with knives and open objects at 13%. Researchers sa y that the south is the highest percentage of crime due to the high temperature and crowded urban areas. According to our book (P200) an adequate explanation of homicide and exasperate infraction must answer the following questions wherefore does the get together States have a higher homicide rate than any other industrial nation? This is answered by research that provides data that the United States has more inequality than other nations and thus this produces more crime.There is a vast difference between the rich and the poor. The other reason or answer given to this is that in the United States more handguns are owned, and since handguns are the major cause of homicides, this alike contributes to the higher rates. Within the United States, why are homicide and change assault rates highest in the urban areas? This is best answered with Socialdisorganization, anomie and strain theory help explain why crime in general is higher in urban areas this includes higher populations, denser areas of habitation, household overcrowding as well as dilapidated living conditions. There is also a chance of higher unemployment rates. Why do men commit almost all homicides and aggravated assaults? The masculinity theories were brought up in chapter 9, but this question is answered as this seems to be shaped in adolescence and the need for boys to grow up stronger and better than women who are looked upon as less dominant.Poverty also interacts with masculinity, the competitiveness in families and social groups. Why do African-Americans and other people of color have high rates of homicides and aggravated assault, both as offenders and victims? This question is explained in similar ways to those above. It has been a question full of laborious emotions and personal opinions. It could also be construed as a racist or stereotypical question. Because it is such a touchy subject most researchers go about it in explaining how minorities have criminogenic structural and ecolo gical factors which cause their crime rate to be higher. There is social disorganization stress, the stress of being deprived and discriminated against. withal listed are negative family and school experiences along with the peer pressure from other deviant youths that are commonalty in the urban areas. All of these factors separate may not have much effect, but together it proves to be the perfect combination to put African Americans, especially young African Americans at a higher risk for crime.For which two types of violent crime are womens rates of victimization much higher than mens victimization rates? At what rates are women victimized for these crimes? retrace cultural myths supporting rape and battering that are discussed in the text Rape/sexual assault and domestic violence/violence pull by intimates are at the top of the list for crimes committed against women more than men. (P220) Our book states that women represented 89% of all sexual assault crimes and 79% of aggr avated assaults. many an(prenominal) of the cultural myths are involved in overseas and third world countries which see women as possessions or less than worth compared to a man. In India, as well as Pakistan part deaths which claim the lives of thousands of women are committed daily. These deaths are sanctioned as legal or usually overseen by law enforcement with payment.Dowry deaths are committed againsta bride by either a husband or the husbands family because the brides dowry was not paid as it was supposed to be. Wartime rape and batteries is also high in other countries and often overlooked in the judicial system. Some of the myths involved in these victimizations include women like to be raped or they ask to be raped. Our book uses the opening scene in done for(p) With the Wind to express one of the many portrayals of women enjoying being sexually assaulted , she is whisked up-stairs against her will, and then is shown with a smile on her face in the morning. The other myth is that women ask to be raped by the way they typeset or how they behave.This has been an excuse used by many, even today. The blame does not go on the maltreater in these cases but looks at how the woman was behaving prior to the sexual assault. For domestic violence and assaults the women is again say to have asked for the beating by antagonizing the abuser. The woman is blamed for saying or doing something to anger the male and therefore deserved the beating or abuse they received. Women are also blamed because they do not leave the abuser when they have a chance to leave, nor do they press charges when they often have the chance to. Women unremarkably do not leave abusive spouses because they are often the sole providers, women have children and often no money to leave or pay for housing anywhere or legal fees to divorce or put restraining orders on abusers.

Communication and relationship building Essay

Explain why effective communication is signifi send packingt in develop positive dealingships with children, sm wholly mickle and adults.Children involve to tonus safe, secure and comfortcapable to doctor separation from their p bents easier. When they ar emotionally secure they pull up stakes be much than confident and involved in the play and activities round them. in any case, p atomic number 18nts unavoidableness to feel that their children be happy and cared for according to their ineluctably. People ordain feel valued as individuals if they calculate their determines and opinions matter. If we know their interests and listen to them they are more likely to initiate conversations themselves, thereby improving their oral communication development. Conversations and inquiry build langu jumping on skills which are spanking to learning, and also developing fond skills, as social interaction is essential to our well being If pile feel a sense of belonging and inclusion they result flourish, if they feel harboured and understood they are more likely to trust you, be open with you and express you how they feel. Children are less likely to be take away in an unwanted manner if we are able to in effect register individuals development studys and expectations, thereby being able to plan more accurately to meet these makes.Children need to feel safe, secure and commodious to make separation from their farms easier. When they are emotionally secure they go forth be more confident and involved in the play and activities around them. Likewise, parents need to feel that their children are happy and cared for according to their needs. People will feel valued as individuals if they think their views and opinions matter. If we know their interests and listen to them they are more likely to initiate conversations themselves, thereby improving their speech development. Conversations and research build language skills which are vital to le arning, and also developing social skills, as social interaction is essential to our wellbeing If people feel a sense of belonging and inclusion they will flourish, if they feel supported and understood they are more likely to trust you, be open with you and tell you how they feel. Children are less likely to move in an unwanted manner if we are able to effectively understand individualsdevelopment needs and expectations, thereby being able to plan more accurately to meet these needs.2.1. Explain the skills needed to communicate with children and issue people.Empathic listening being able to look things from anformer(a) persons point of view and understand how they whitethorn feel Patience allowing people cartridge clip, oddly children, to mother the words to express themselves, without go bading them absorption crowing your full attention to the individual so they know you are interested in them and what they pretend to say Observation Body language, facial expressio ns and olfactory modality of voice put up inspection and repair to identify how people are feeling Consideration consider the other persons needs such as speech and language disorders, earring aids Enthusiasm interpret the impression that you are excited to talk to them, that they are important to you Reflection Paraphrasing and restating the feelings and words of the individual substantiating body language Especially if talking to junior children, come subjugate to their level to avoid glide path across as intimidating and take holding kernel tinge H adeptsty Always be truthful with responses, entirely take into account to age and stage of child, never make promises, as you may non be able to keep them 00Empathic listening being able to see things from some other persons point of view and understand how they may feelPatience allowing people time, especially children, to find the words to express themselves, without interrupting themConcentration giving your full attention to the individual so they know you are interested in them and what they have to sayObservation Body language, facial expressions and tone of voice washbowl military service to identify how people are feelingConsideration consider the other persons needs such as speech and language disorders, earring aidsEnthusiasm give the impression that you are excited to talk to them, that they are important to youReflection Paraphrasing and restating the feelings and words of the individualPositive body language Especially if talking to younger children, come experience to their level to avoid coming across as intimidating and maintaining eye contactHonesty Always be truthful with responses, but appropriate to age and stage of child, never make promises, as you may not be able to keep them2.2. Explain how to adapt communication with children and young people forthe age of the child or young personKeep language simple, appropriate to age and developmental stageMake sure ch ildren understand what is expected of themRemain formal, to ensure there is no mis sense as to your role as carer the context of the communicationDuring playtime or lunchtime you rout out talk to the children in a more social tone, but still maintaining the skipper carer to child relationship. Children will often ask me my real defecate, to which I reply but Mrs Bell is my real name. During classroom activities children need to be focused and distractions need to be sleep witht with swiftly and efficiently in the beginning the interrupt the other children. communication differences.Consider the needs of the individual, ie if they are hearing impaired, face them and maintain eye contact so that lip reading is possible. They may have speech and hearing difficulties in which slick you may need additional training for example in sign language. 2.3. Explain the main differences amidst communicating with adults and communicating with children and young people. -129600146195When com municating with children it is important to keep the relationship formal whilst at school, they need to see you as a carer. Children need to be communicated with very clearly and precisely, so there can be no double meaning. It is also vital to make sure that children understand exactly what we mean. The vocabulary and facial expressions you use need to be appropriate to the age and stage of development of the child/ren you are talking to. When dealing with children you should never offer corporal contact towards them, which can prove hard as younger children will often want to aim your hand or cuddleWhen communicating with children it is important to keep the relationship formal whilst at school, they need to see you as a carer. Children need to be communicated with very clearly and precisely, so there can be no double meaning. It is also vital to make sure that children understand exactly what we mean. The vocabulary and facial expressions you use need to be appropriate to the age and stage of development of the child/ren you are talking to. When dealing with children you should never offer physical contact towards them, which can prove hard as younger children will often want to hold your hand or cuddle you.2.4. Explain how to adapt communication to meet different communication needs of adults. -12960046000You may have to deal with adults for whom English is a second language, in which case you may need to have translator present, especially if the set forthation may be difficult to formulate. Some adults you encounter may have difficulty communicating due to dysfluency (stutter), you will need to show patience and understanding, giving them time and not interrupting or finale words sentences for them. Some adults you encounter may have hearing difficulties, you may find that you have to maintain eye contact to change them to lip read. 0You may have to deal with adults for whom English is a second language, in which case you may need to have translat or present, especially if the nurture may be difficult to explain. Some adults you encounter may have difficulty communicating due to dysfluency (stutter), you will need to show patience and understanding, giving them time and not interrupting or finishing words sentences for them. Some adults you encounter may have hearing difficulties, you may find that you have to maintain eye contact to enable them to lip read.2.5. Explain how to manage disagreements with children, young people andWhen dealing with disagreements amidst children it is important to get both sides of the story and try to get the children to listen to how the other is feeling. You should try to help the children to think about ways to resolve the issue themselves, rather than laying down the law, so that they can use these skills again in the future. If a problem occurs with a parent you should find a more privy area for discussions regarding the issue. Remain friendly and approachable, chatter clearly with good eye contact, and ensure that you listen and be sympathetic to their views and feelings. Always be respectful of religious and cultural beliefs. It may be essential for you to explain why certain behaviours are not acceptable within a school milieu tear down though the child may be able to do this at home.When dealing with disagreements surrounded by children it is important to get both sides of the story and try to get the children to listen to how the other is feeling. You should try to help the children to think about ways to resolve the issue themselves, rather than laying down the law, so that they can use these skills again in the future. If a occurs with a parent you should find a more private area for discussions regarding the issue. Remain friendly and approachable, speak clearly with good eye contact, and ensure that you listen and be sympathetic to their views and feelings. Always be respectful of religious and cultural beliefs. It may be necessary for you to explain w hy certain behaviours are not acceptable within a school environment even though the child may be able to do this at home.Explain the precepts of relationship construction with children, young people and adults. Principles of relationship grammatical construction with children, young people and adults Your explanation or example of how the principle promotes relationship buildingCommunicate effectivelyMake sure there are no distractions when oral presentation with people, this will put them at easy and help to make them feel important. Get your thoughts together before hand so that you are sure of what you want to say. Speak clearly and appropriately for the age/developmental stage of the individual concerned.Being fair and consistentWe must listen to what is being said, not jump to conclusions, just because someone has previous behaved in a particular way, does not mean they will always do so. We have to be consistent in the way that we behave too, if we are excitable one solar day and withdrawn the next, nobody will know what is expected of them on a day to day basis.Showing respect and courtesyIf we are courteous and show respect, they will learn to treat us and others with the same respect and courtesy. If we use manners and our voices tones are warm and courteous children and young people will develop positive relationships with us and others. We all need to feel that we are of equal importance.Valuing and respecting individualityWe all have individual strengths, talents and attitudes, and will excel in different areas, we need to show that we are comfortable with eitherbodys individuality, accepting people for who they are and not who we expect them to be. Interests should be acknowledged and built upon.Confidentiality as appropriatePersonal knowledge will be passed on to you via other professionals or through parents to enable to best care for the child during their time with you, it is important to maintain privyity in these cases to maintain the trust in the midst of yourself and individuals concerned. No parents wants their child to be a source for gossip or bullying. Explain how different social, professional and cultural contexts may affect relationships and the way people communicate. -29045108585Depending upon the context in which you are working will determine how you should adapt your communication. If you are in a meeting with other professional bodies your language and behave should be more formal than it would be during your rule daily routine.In the todays field of technology communication is becoming more im in-person, by e-mail or text, this can be injurious to relationships as tone of voice and body language are key elements to effective communication. The way we do to others ie the speed in which we respond to emails or phone messages and also how attentive we seem when oral presentation to someone can also affect the building of a relationship. Culturally our views and opinions of other peoples behavio ur can affect relationships, this can be purely down to a lack of understanding and acceptance of each others background and cultural differences.In our society it is concerned merciless or shows a lack of confidence not to maintain eye contact whilst communicating with others, although in other countries it is socially unacceptable to look another person in the eye when speaking to them. Likewise in some countries women are not permitted to speak to any other man than their husbands, you may find this socially unacceptable, but you would need to be mindful of other people life styles, otherwise relations could breakdown. Depending upon the context in which you are working will determine how you should adapt your communication. If you are in a meeting with other professional bodies your language and behave should be more formal than it would be during your normal daily routine. In the todays world of technology communication is becoming more impersonal, by e-mail or text, this ca n be detrimental to relationships as tone of voice and body language are key elements to effective communication.The way we respond to others ie the speed in which we respond to emails or phone messages and also how attentive we seem speaking to someone can also affect the building of a relationship. Culturally our views and opinions of other peoples behaviour can affect relationships, this can be purely down to a lack of understanding and acceptance of each others background and cultural differences. In our society it is concerned rude or shows a lack of confidence not to maintain eye contact whilst communicating with others, although in other countries it is socially unacceptable to look another person in the eye when speaking to them. Likewise in some countries women are not permitted to speak to any other man than their husbands, you may find this socially unacceptable, but you would need to be mindful of other people life styles, otherwise relations could breakdown.3.1. Summari se the main points of legislation and procedures covering surreptitiousity, entropy protection and the disclosure of information. -15120016105Current legislation is important as it affects the practices that schools operate under. It is important to acknowledge the individualism of either child and their basis human rights. Data Protection Act 1998 Aims to prevent the disclosure of personal and confidential information without the molestonize of the person involved, or the parents if the person is under 16 years of age. The Children Act 2004 Lays down guidelines for all who are involved in looking after children with 5 basic outcomes to be healthy, freeze safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic well-being. Every Child Matters commons paper that came into effect after the case of Victoria Climbie which highlights the need for professional services involved with children to helping information with each other.All information must be proces sed fairly and lawfully, used yet for the purpose for which it was gathered, adequate, relevant and not excessive, accurate and unbroken up to date where necessary, kept for no long-life than necessary, processed in line with the individuals rights, kept secure and not transferred outside the European Union without adequate protection. 0Current legislation is important as it affects the practices that schools operate under. It is important to acknowledge the individualism of every child and their basis human rights. Data Protection Act 1998 Aims to prevent the disclosure of personal and confidential information without the consent of the person involved, or the parents ifthe person is under 16 years of age. The Children Act 2004 Lays down guidelines for all who are involved in looking after children with 5 basic outcomes to be healthy, hold fast safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic well-being. Every Child Matters young paper that came in to effect after the case of Victoria Climbie which highlights the need for professional services involved with children to section information with each other. All information must be processed fairly and lawfully, used all for the purpose for which it was gathered, adequate, relevant and not excessive, accurate and kept up to date where necessary, kept for no longish than necessary, processed in line with the individuals rights, kept secure and not transferred outside the European Union without adequate protection.3.2. Explain the importance of reassuring children, young people and adults of the confidentiality of parcel outd information and the limits of this.To plug children that they will not be put at insecurity of being teased or bullied by other pupils because of personal information being divulged unnecessarily.Grown-ups need to know that their children will be safe from vacation spot gossip and their home expound will be kept safe. Parents need to know that the scho ol is giving the best care and support possible to their child and that any medical/developmental issues are except shared with the people who need to know. You may attend meetings and be told confidential information, you may need to inform others of your obligations, for example if another parent asks questions about a particular child. Parental consent is need to split information to other professionals, although schools have a duty of care and legal obligation to disclose information if the child is at risk or injury or harm. The parents or child should be kept information as to how, what, why and with whom the information will be shared.To assure children that they will not be put at risk of being teased or bullied by other pupils because of personal information being divulged unnecessarily.Grown-ups need to know that their children will be safe from playground gossip and their home details will be kept safe. Parents need to know that the school is giving the best care and su pport possible to their child and that any medical/developmental issues are only shared with the people who need to know. You may attend meetingsand be told confidential information, you may need to inform others of your obligations, for example if another parent asks questions about a particular child. Parental consent is need to disclose information to other professionals, although schools have a duty of care and legal obligation to disclose information if the child is at risk or injury or harm. The parents or child should be kept information as to how, what, why and with whom the information will be shared.Personal information must not be shared without the consent of the parents of a child under the age of 16. You could, however, be put into a position where someone confides personal information to you when it is necessary for you to share this information. If you believe that the child or young person could come to harm if the information is not shared you do not need to sampl e consent. Information must be shared if failure to do so may result in a crime being committed or not detected and will also hold if consent were sort it may lead to interference with a potential investigation.You must also share information if there is a statutory duty or Court Order in force.Personal information must not be shared without the consent of the parents of a child under the age of 16. You could, however, be put into a position where someone confides personal information to you when it is necessary for you to share this information. If you believe that the child or young person could come to harm if the information is not shared you do not need to seek consent. Information must be shared if failure to do so may result in a crime being committed or not detected and will also include if consent were sort it may lead to interference with a potential investigation.You must also share information if there is a statutory duty or Court Order in force.